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• Flat-topped terraces of Kashmir valley on flanks of Pir Panjal
• made up of clay, sands from old deltaic fans.
• Fertile land.

Lesser Himalayas:
Small meadows on the slopes of lesser Himalayas Gulmarg ,SoneMarg etc.
There are two open valleys between the Great Himalayas and the Lesser Himalayas:

• Kashmir valley
• Kathmandu valley
  The valleys of kashmir and kathmandu have been created with the
  sedimentation of lakes . The dal and the Wular lakes are its evidences .
  Valley of Lahul ,Spiti and kullu are between the Great and the Lesser Himalayas.

Lesser Himalayas: Its Extension lies in the south of Great Himalayas. It is 80 to 100 km wide and its avg height of between 2700 and 4500 kn. There are several small ranges under the lesser Himalayas which are as follows:

Pir Panjal Range: It extends from Jhelum to the Beas rivers in Kashmir. The two main passes in the Pir Panjal range are Banihal and Pir panjal.

Dhuladhar Range – The range where Alaknanda River crosses the Great Himalayas near badrinath , range comes out from there towards the west.

Between Lesser himalayas and Shiwalik Range are Known for the hill’s stations like Shimla, Mussoori,Chakrata,Nainital ,Ranikhet , Darjeeling, etc

Outer Himalayas or the Shiwalik Range:

• It is situated to the South of Lesser Himalayas.
• Continuous from J&K till Arunachal Pradesh, Known by Different namesJammu Hills in Jammu,Arunachal –Abhor ,Miri,Mishmi,dafla etc
• Newest part of Himalaya. Avg height (600 m to 1500 mts)
• Formed after Himnalayas ,so the river was obstructed initially,hence lakes were
  formed but later as the river cut through then water drained away so plain is left
  ,which are called Dun or duar .
• Valley Between the Shiwalik range and lesser Himalayas is known as Dun (Dehradun) In west and Duar (Haridwar) in the east.